Families First Coronavirus Response Act: What Employers Need to Know
The rapid spread of the COVID-19 virus has begun to initiate an economic downturn and spurred a series of rapid responses on the part of the government. There have been so many proposals and versions floated regarding employee policies during the public health emergency that employers are understandably confused. Though there was an initial belief that the crisis would require businesses to make permanent reductions in their work force in order to survive, the final version of the Act may make these types of drastic actions unnecessary.
President Trump signed the new law on March 19th, and it will take effect on April 2nd. The economic stimulus measures and allowances that it makes will extend through December 31st, 2020. The Act is comprehensive and makes significant changes to previously existing rules regarding both the Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA) and Emergency Paid Sick Leave, as well as in other areas.
The focus of the changes contained in the new law is on companies with fewer than 500 employees. There is already discussion of exemptions for smaller businesses employing fewer than 50 people whose viability may be threatened by these measures. Also, the measures covered in the Act are not pertinent to companies that employ 500 or more employees. Action will likely follow with regard to companies of this size.
Emergency Paid Sick Leave
If your company employs fewer than 500 employees, the revised Emergency Paid Sick Leave Act makes them eligible for paid sick leave regardless of how long they have been employed by you.
If an employee of a company that employs fewer than 500 employees is unable to work in person or to telecommute for any of the following reasons, they qualify for paid sick leave:
- If they are subject to federal, state, or local isolation or quarantine order related to COVID-19
- If a health care provider advises them that they should self-quarantine as a result of concerns related to COVID-19 (self-quarantining without advice does not qualify).
- If the employee Is seeking medical diagnosis as a result of having symptoms of COVID-19.
- If the employee Is caring for somebody (not necessarily a family member) who is subject to a federal, state, or local isolation or quarantine due to COVID-19; or who has been advised to self-quarantine by a health care provider as a result of COVID-19.
- If the employee’s child’s school or care facility has been closed or is unavailable as a result of COVID-19 and the employee needs to care for the child.
The Act also includes a provision that an employee qualifies if the employee Is experiencing any other substantially similar condition specified by the Secretary of Health and Human Services in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Labor.
Defining the Paid Sick Team Benefit
The exact definition of what paid sick time comprises is based upon the number of hours that an individual employee works. For those who are full-time employees, paid sick leave is calculated to be 80 hours. Those who work part-time will be entitled to the same number of hours of paid sick leave that they would normally work during a two-week period. The Act provides a calculation method for those who work significantly different numbers of hours each week.
Referencing the numbered reasons listed above, employees who need paid sick leave based on 1, 2 and 3 will be paid their sick leave benefit at the same rate that they are normally paid up to a maximum of $511 per day and a total of $5,110. Those who need paid sick leave based on the above-referenced reasons numbered 4 and 5 will be paid their sick leave hours at a rate equal to two-thirds of their normal pay, with a maximum of $200 per day and a total of $2,000.
The Act makes the emergency paid sick time available as of April 2nd, and specifically prohibits employers from requiring employees to use other accrued paid leave before using the emergency leave. Any existing paid sick leave or paid time off is separate and apart from the leave provided by the Act and remains with the employee. Additionally, though employers may require reasonable notice of using the emergency paid sick leave, this notice is not required until after the first workday (or part thereof) that is used. The employer is not permitted to make employees provide advance notice before the first day that they take paid sick leave under the emergency measures.
These new measures will be explained in a uniform notice that the Secretary of Labor is required to create and provide no later than March 25th. Employers are required to post this notice in a way that all employees are able to see it.
The paid sick leave covered by this Act does not carry over into 2021. Similarly, once the qualifying need has passed and the employee returns to work, the paid sick time benefit ceases. Further clarification to help employers calculate leave benefits is forthcoming, as there is a requirement for guidelines to be available from the Secretary of labor no later than April 2nd. What is already known is that employers will be able to apply for reimbursement of these emergency paid sick leave wages through Social Security tax credits.
Emergency Expansion of Family Medical Leave Act
COVID-19 has created countless disruptions in American life, and one of the most significant has been the closure of schools and care facilities for children. Employees who have young children who need supervision and care have been torn between their parental responsibilities and the need to support their families. In response, the Families First Coronavirus Response Act includes the Emergency Family and Medical Leave Expansion Act (FMLA Expansion Act). It will enable eligible employees to access a federal source of paid leave.
In its original form, the Family and Medical Leave Act’s reach has been limited to those who work for employers who employ 50 or more people, and amongst that population it is only accessible to those who have been with their employer for at least a year and have worked at least 1,250 hours in the previous 12 months. For those individuals, the Act provided unpaid leave under highly specific circumstances, including their own diagnosis with a serious health condition, to care for a newborn infant or adopted or foster child, or to care for a family member with a serious health condition.
The new Emergency Act expands those rules, changing the employer threshold to all that employ fewer than 500 employees and expanding who is covered to include all workers who have worked for these employers for a minimum of thirty days. As is true of the paid sick leave act, the Secretary of Labor will be able to take action to exempt organizations with fewer than 50 employees if their business’ viability is threatened by making this leave available. Additionally, certain health care providers and emergency responders may also be exempted.
Under the Expanded FMLA Leave Act, employees of companies that employ fewer than 500 employees are able to take up to 12 weeks of leave if they can’t work (in person or via telework) because of their care responsibilities for a child or children under 18 years of age whose school or care facility has been shuttered as a result of COVID-19. The twelve-week period will provide compensation after the first ten unpaid days (though employees can use accrued paid sick or vacation time to provide payment for those ten days). The compensation will be calculated at two thirds of the employee’s normal wages for the number of hours that they were regularly scheduled to work, maxing out at $200 per day and a total of $10,000. The program will become available on April 2nd, and though the Act specifies that if the need for leave is anticipated the employee should provide their employer with “such notice of leave as is practicable,” advance notice is not required.
Employees who work for companies that employ 25 or more employees and who fear that they will lose their job or position as a result of taking advantage of this emergency FMLA act are entitled to return to the same or equivalent position once their leave is finished.
Smaller companies (with fewer than 25 employees) are also covered by this rule unless the position no longer exists as a result of changes in economic or operating conditions related to/resulting from COVID-19 and the public health emergency. Even under these circumstances, the emergency Family Medical Leave Act requires employers to do their best to put the employee into an equivalent position, and failing that to offer an equivalent position to the employee should one become available for at least one year.
What This Means
To use a cliché that is being heard far too often in the news, we are in uncharted waters when it comes to COVID-19. Though we do not know what is going to happen, employers and employees can take some comfort in knowing that the Act passed by Congress and signed by the president is a strong measure that recognizes the real-world needs of both sides. States may provide their own additional benefits at some point, but what the federal government has done means that those with full-time jobs working for companies with less than 500 employees can have confidence that they will be paid both for up to 12 weeks of FMLA if their child’s school or care facility closes down as a result of COVID-19, with all but the first ten days paid at their full rate (but no more than $200 per day and $10,000 in total).
